Monetizing online content does not mean paywalls

Publishers can’t get enough revenue from ads to support their efforts, so some of them are turning to paywalls as a solution. The logic is “we are losing money so you have to pay us,” as if the publisher’s business model is the consumer’s problem.

I think it’s misguided, and so does Ashley Friedlein in this interesting interview. (HT @epubsforum.)

Some content can be sold, some can’t. Regular news can’t.

Thoughts on mobile

Had an interesting chat with some folks from PointAbout yesterday about iPhone development and the future of mobile.

They say that if you want to go mobile, you should focus on the iPod/iPhone for now. Blackberry is too fragmented, with each different type of device using a different operating system or browser. And since the iPad can run iPod/iPhone apps, focusing on the iPhone is the closest thing to one size fits all.

In app purchase sounds like the way to go for ecommerce. It sends a payment through the person’s iTunes account, and can be used for on-going purchases — like monthly or annual subscriptions.

The down side is that Apple takes 30% of every sale. The up side is that it’s incredibly easy on the user. He already has all his billing information set up with iTunes, so there’s no (additional) concern about security. I don’t know if the publisher gets the purchaser’s information. If not, that would be a big strike against it.

Appmakr.com is a simple way to create apps for the iPhone from any RSS feed. It costs $300 / app and looks very easy.

I have a hard time believing that magazines will do very well on mobile — at least not in their current form. The interface is going to have to change. I don’t suspect people will want to page through an online magazine the way they do in print.

I suspect the best place for content providers to get into mobile is in tools, reports and calculators.

It’s time for a new internet

Nobody polices the internet, which means that it’s a cesspool, full of porn, scams and flagrant copyright violations.

I can’t let my kids have unfiltered access, and even “filtered” access is very questionable.

For some odd reason the Internet lives in a world apart. It’s okay to have laws that regulate the sale and positioning of Playboy magazine, but anybody can create a web page with garbage that would shock Hugh Hefner, and the suggestion that it should be regulated is met with scorn and derision.

We hear things like, “If parents don’t want that in their house, they should monitor their kids’ internet use.”

Yeah, right. And if parents don’t want their kids to smoke, they shoud follow them around all the time, so there’s no need for age restrictions on sales. And if parents don’t want their kids to drink, or drive cars, or take prescription drugs, or …. You get the point.

Where did we get the idea that the Internet is subject to completely different rules than everything else in life? It’s crazy. Somewhere along the way, libertarian geeks have staked their claim, and everybody else has just gone along.

It’s time to create a new internet with on an entirely different protocol. Rather than http://, we need safe://.

This would allow the wild-west libertarian geeks to keep their porn on http. Nobody would be “sensored.” But it would allow responsible people who believe in decency and property rights to have something they can allow in the home.

Anyone who wanted to participate in the safe protocol would need to follow certain rules related to content, copyright and security.

The wild-west radicals have won the battle for the internet. Fine. Let them have it. But it’s time for a new, responsible internet that is designed by grown ups.

A solution to online copyright infringement

I’ve been in professional publishing since God was a lad, so I have a particular perspective on copyright and the rules for accessing content on the web.

As you might suspect, the “if I can get your copyrighted material off the web for free that’s okay” attitude that many people have really bugs me. I don’t pretend to be neutral about this. These people are stealing my paycheck.

I recently found a site that was giving away some of the stuff I sell at work. This particular site has a “report abuse” page, so I clicked through and found a lengthy set of requirements they expect you to fulfill before they’ll even consider your complaint.

This one was particularly amusing.

State that the information in the notice is accurate, under penalty of perjury.

So … these bastards steal our content and then they have the gall to require us to submit our request for them to stop “under penalty of perjury.”

There is no practical way for copyright owners to police all this nonsense, or to submit each site’s silly forms, or to file lawsuits, or whatever. Even if you get one site to stop, they’d just set up business under a different name and do it again. Or somebody else would.

What’s necessary is an appropriate market-driven way to punish them, and I know how that could be done. (I’ve posted something like this before, but it’s on my mind today so I’m at it again.)

Somebody with substantial market power on the web — like Google — should set up a copyright registry for legitimate publishers. The publisher would submit its copyrighted material to the registry along with a list of the sites authorized to display it.

If a site violated those terms and displayed copyrighted content without the owners’ permission, (1) it would disappear from the Google search listing, along with any ads that link to that site, (2) the authorized contact at the copyright owner would be notified, and (3) the company that controls that site’s DNS entry would be notified with a recommendation to redirect any traffic to a copyright violation page.

We don’t have to rely on the FCC or some other bloated and inefficient government agency to police these things. There is echnological solution, and I don’t think it would be that difficult.

Google, are you listening?

My web usability pet peeve

There are a few web design mistakes that particularly annoy me.

  • moving the login / logout buttons around on the page
  • disabling the back button
  • not providing a search option

But I think my #1 complaint with web designs is a printer-friendly page that isn’t printer friendly. I.e., it clips off the copy on the right margin.

Here’s a thought for web designers: If you go to the trouble of making a printer-friendly page, you might at least have the courtesy of making it printer friendly.

The problem with tracking conversions from your online efforts

A professional marketing that I know says that “marketing ROI” is mostly nonsense. He says you really can’t accurately attribute marketing costs to sales. There’s just too much chaos to pretend that a simple formula really works.

I’m not quite as skeptical as he is, but I do agree that it’s a far more complicated problem than our models and spreadsheets and projections would indicate.

The “marketing ROI” entry in Mother Goose’s Book of Marketing Fairy Tales, might say this is what happens with your ad campaigns.

  1. A prospect sees your ad and clicks on it
    • The ad server (e.g., Google Adwords) drops a tracking cookie that corresponds to that effort
  2. The prospect goes to your custom landing page and through the purchasing process
    • Your page is coded to match that effort so your back-end system knows the source of the order
  3. Your new customer gets a “thank you for your order” page
    • The conversion code records an order from the ad
    • Your back-end system records an order on the corresponding priority code
  4. All the codes match up nicely. Yeah.

In Grimm’s Nursery Rhymes for Real-World Marketing, this is what happens with your ad campaigns.

  1. A prospect sees your ad
  2. Life happens
  3. Your new customer purchases
  4. Your codes are all screwed up

Digging into step #2 a little deeper, here are some examples of the kinds of things that can happen to make the conversion code from your ad campaign different from the code that gets into your back-end system.

Scenario 1 – the no-click conversion

  1. Your prospect sees your ad but doesn’t click on it
  2. The prospect googles some of the words in your ad, clicks on a natural (not-paid) search result and lands on some other page that has nothing to do with your ad campaign
  3. Your new customer purchases the product from the wrong landing page
  4. Your back-end system records an order on some irrelevant code
  5. The money you spent on the ad seems to be wasted.

Scenario 2 – the click and print conversion

  1. Your prospect sees your ad and clicks on it
    • The ad drops a tracking cookie that corresponds to that effort
  2. Your prospect reads your customized landing page with all the right promotion codes on it, prints it out and shows it to his boss / wife / palm reader.
  3. The boss approves the purchase.
  4. Your prospect goes to your site and navigates to a generic order page with the wrong promotion codes
  5. Your new customer purchases and goes to “thank you” page.
    • The ad system records a conversion, because the customer got the tracking cookie and made it to the “thank you” page.
    • Your back-end system disagrees because the order came in on a generic order page.

Scenario 3 – the click and delete cookies conversion

  1. Your prospect sees you ad and clicks on it
    • The ad tries to drop a cookie, but your customer has them turned off, or deletes them later
  2. Your prospect goes to the custom landing page and purchases
  3. The thank-you page can’t record a conversion because the tracking cookie is gone.
  4. Your back-end system shows an order, but the ad interface doesn’t.

Scenario 4 – The “can I find a better deal?” conversion

  1. Your prospect sees your ad and clicks
    • The ad drops a tracking cookie that corresponds to that effort
  2. Your prospect reads your customized landing page with all the right promotion codes on it, then wonders if he can get a better deal on another page.
  3. Your prospect spends ten minutes searching the web for a better price and ends up on some other page with coding that doesn’t match your ad campaign.
  4. Your new customer purchases and goes to the “thank you” page.
    • The ad records a conversion, because the customer got the tracking cookie and actually purchased.
    • Your back-end system disagrees because the order came in on a generic order page.

Scenario 5 – The 30-day cookie conversion

  1. Your prospect sees your ad and clicks
    • The ad drops a tracking cookie that corresponds to that effort
  2. Your prospect reads your customized landing page with all the right promotion codes on it, then gets distracted by something and gets on with life.
  3. 29 days later you send an email to this same person promoting the same product. The customer thinks, “yeah, I want to buy that,” clicks on the link in your email and goes to a custom purchase page – for the email campaign.
  4. Your new customer purchases and goes to “thank you” page.
    • The ad records a conversion, because the customer got the tracking cookie and actually purchased within 30 days.
    • Your back-end system disagrees because the order came in on an email promotion page.

Scenario 6 – The “I don’t buy online” conversion

  1. Your prospect sees your ad and clicks
    • The ad drops a tracking cookie that corresponds to that effort
  2. Your prospect reads your customized landing page with all the right promotion codes on it, but wants to purchase by phone, mail or fax.
  3. Your back-end system records on offline order. The online ad gets no credit.

All these scenarios happen all the time, and as you can see, there are any number of ways that the tracking from your online ad system can get messed up — either in its own right, or in its relationship to your back-end system.

The conclusion is that you have to hold on to your marketing ROI calculations somewhat loosely.

It’s fair to compare the ROI of two campaigns within the same system — for example, two different keyword campaign in Adwords — because it’s reasonable to assume that all the chaos mentioned above would happen about equally to both of them.

But it’s not necessarily reasonable to disbelieve the conversion statistics from an online marketing campaign because your back-end system isn’t showing the same results.

It’s important to track things as well as possible, but at some point you just have to believe that it’s working something like what the reports are saying.

Blog seo how to — optimize your title before you post

If you want people to read your articles online, most of your visitors are going to find you through search, so you need to use words people are going to be searching on. Especially in the headline.

For example, I was writing a post on my home brewing blog and my marketing hat suddenly slipped onto my head. I thought, “Hey, optimization boy, take some of your own medicine.”

So I started to use various online tools to make sure I was picking the right words for the title of my homebrewing blog post. Then I realized I should blog about that process over here.

I was writing two posts at the same time. One on homebrewing and one (for this blog) on how I picked the right words for my homebrewing blog. I was going to title this post “Before you write that blog post,” and then — again — I realized I wasn’t following the right seo principles.

“Before you write that blog post” would sound good enough for a pre-qualified audience — i.e., people who are already interested in how to write a blog post to get maximum traffic. So if you’re writing a newsletter to people who want to know about that, fine.

That’s not the way blogs work. (Who searches on “before you write”?)

So off I went to google again to see which words to use for this post (on how to pick words for blog posts).

The first thing to do is dream up a couple options. I wondered if “article” or “headline” got more traffic, so I typed them into Google trends and found that “article” gets a lot more search.

But … what about “blog”? I tried that, and it’s no contest. “Blog” gets way more search than “article” or “headline.”

What other words should I use? Should my title be “blog headline” or “optimize blog” or … hey, what about “blog seo”?

That was killer. “Blog seo” creams “blog headline” and “optimize blog.”

I would like to be able to test “blog seo tricks, blog seo ideas, blog seo how to,” but google trends doesn’t show any results for those phrases, so I just did “tricks, ideas, how to” — and “how to” takes the field.

Now there’s no guarantee that “blog seo how to” is the best phrase, but it’s sure likely to be better than “Before you write that blog post,” and it only took me about a minute to figure that out.

The lesson is — before you write an article for the web, do some research to see what words and phrases work best!

Now then, back to homebrewing, which is what got me over here in the first place.

I was about to blog about my son’s new porter recipe, which I am enjoying as I type.

I write a weekly post on homebrewbeer.biz about home brewing.

So then. What words work best for an article about a porter recipe?

There isn’t a synonym for “porter,” so I’m kinda stuck with that word.

I do have to decide between “home brew” and “homebrew.” Consulting google trends, “homebrew” wins.

Now this is where the editor and the marketer have to come to terms, because from time to time the editor will say that X is better, and the marketer will say that Y gets more search.

You’re going to have to make up your mind. Do you want to be the lonely little correct guy in the corner who’s ever-so proud of his grammar, or do you want people to find and read what you’ve written?

I thought so.

Now — as you experiment on google trends you come up with some odd ideas. For example, my first thought for a headline was something like “Ben’s Home Brew Porter — an intermediate homebrew recipe.”

(Note that I slipped “home brew” and “homebrew” into the same title to cover my bases.)

But what about “how to”? It killed on blog optimization. So I tested “homebrew recipe” against “homebrew how to,” and … “how to” killed again.

People seem to search on “how to” quite a lot. There might be a lesson in that.

Anyway, are the people who search on that phrase the right people for my article? Are people who are searching on stuff like “homebrew how to” looking for beer recipes?

(It turns out there’s this Nintendo “homebrew” thing that has absolutely nothing to do with making beer at home.)

But the good old wonder wheel guided me on this one. When I typed in “homebrew how to” it was clear that most of the sub-topics are related to making beer at home. That’s all good.

So I settled on Homebrew how to — Ben’s Mild Porter Recipe.

I could have spent some more time on this and tweaked it a bit more, but … hey, home brewing is just a hobby of mine.

Nevertheless, it’s always worth five minutes of your time in the google tools to pick the right words. And “right” (in this context) means words people actually care about and search on.

When it’s safe to stop an unfinished optimizer experiment

Sometimes an experiment just keeps dragging on because the difference between the winning and losing page(s) hasn’t passed Google’s criteria for significance.

Generally speaking, I think it’s a good idea to keep going until Google announces a winner, but sometimes the pattern is clear, and you really want to move along to your next test, so it’s worth it to call it done.

Here’s what I mean.

optimizer_experiment

I don’t think anything’s going to change in this horse race.

optimizer_experiment2

The winning page isn’t a slam dunk, it but it’s good enough to call this race over and move on to the next idea.

Nescafe takes on Starbucks

Consumer product marketing isn’t my thing, so don’t expect any great insights here, but I thought I’d post a quick note about a campaign I saw this morning on the streets of D.C.

Nescafe is firing back at Starbucks’ new instant coffee. Reps were handing out samples outside the metro this morning.

The package says “Nescafe, the smart choice” on one side. On the other are two opposing cups of coffee. One says “a lot of hype” on a mocked-up Starbucks cup; the other says “a lot of flavor” on a Nescafe cup. It looks somewhat like this web page.

The bottom of the package says “taste for yourself” and inside is a collection of various Nescafe versions of instant coffee.

I’ve tried them both (Starbucks and Nescafe), and I think they’re both good. The Starbucks version has that characteristic burnt, strong flavor, and the Nescafe version is milder.

All other things (like price) being equal, I’d pick one or the other based on what grabbed my fancy at the time. Sometimes I like that burnt, strong Starbucks flavor and sometimes I don’t.

Nescafe seems to be capitalizing on the down economy.

“Why pay extra for hype?”
“Get a lot of flavor for less.”
“It’s the smart choice.”

And that seems like smart marketing to me.